Research

Why political bias in AI matters

Language models are now used as research tools and information gatekeepers. We study the ideological and moral priors they carry — and what those priors do to science and to citizens.

01

What we know

  • Westwood et al., 2025Users across parties perceive ChatGPT, Claude and Gemini as left-leaning.
  • Faulborn, Pellert et al., 2025Instruction fine-tuning appears to introduce the left-wing tilt.
  • Kim et al., 2025Ideology is encoded as linear directions that can be steered.
02

What is at stake

Science

Skewed automated labels

LLMs that annotate incivility or ideology may judge by ideological distance, distorting research on polarisation.

Citizens

Narrower information

Assistants and summarisers frame political issues, and can narrow the perspectives people see.

03

Hypothesis

LLMs embed latent ideological representations that systematically shape their outputs — affecting both science built on them and the information citizens receive.